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(The Ottawa citizen αွ 22 February 2011 αα္α ဲြαါ Andrew Cohen ၏ "Sanctions aren't working in Burma" ေαာα္းαါးαုိ αာαာ ျαα္αုိαα္)
αေαα αေααါ Carleton University αြα္ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαွ αဲαα့္ေαာ α‘α်ိဳးααီး ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αုိ αုα္αူးေαာα္ ေαါα္αာαဲြα α‘α္ႏွα္းαα္ ျαα ္αα္။ ααု αုα္αူး ေαာα္αဲြααα္ α‘αΏαဲαα္းαα္ αုိα္αုိα္αု αα္αံαα္ αျαα ္ႏုိα္αα့္ αဲαα့္ေαာ ႏုိαα္ αုαွα္α‘ား αα္αံ၍ α်ီးα်ဴး αုα္ျαဳျαα္းαα္ ျαα ္αα္။
ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αα္ αΏαီးαဲ့ေαာ ႏုိαα္αာαα ေαα‘ိα္ α‘α်α္α်ဳα္αွ αြα္ေျαာα္ αာαဲ့αΏαီး ေαာα္αုိα္း αα္αေαာ္ α‘α ုိးα α ိα္α‘ေႏွာα့္α‘αွα္ αျαα ္ေα‘ာα္ ααုαα ုိα္ ααိαားα်α္ αွိαα္။ αူα၏ α‘α္းα်ား αα္ေα ာα္း ေαα‘ိα္αြα္ αΏαီးαဲ့ေαာ ေαာα္းα₯ီး α‘αိ αα ႏွα ္αာαွ် αိα္းαိα္း αံαဲ့αေαာ αα္αုα္ αΏαိဳαေαာ္αုိ ေα်ာ္αြα္၍ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံ α‘αြα္း ααီးαြα္αα္ ျαα္းαုိαဲ့ααုိ αူαုα‘ား αိα္ααြα္း ေျαာαΎαားαႈαα္း α‘αα္း αα္αာ αွိαဲ့αα္။
αူα၏ α‘α်ဳိးαား αီαုိαေαα ီ α‘αဲြαα်ဳα္αα္ αေααါ α‘αါα‘αα္ α‘ေαာα္ ႏိုα္αံα်ားα ျαα္αာ α‘α ုိးα α‘ေαα α်αွα္αားေαာ Sanctions α်ားαုိ ေαာα္αံေαΎαာα္း ααုα α‘ေα ာαုိα္းαြα္ αα္αံ α‘αα္ျαဳαဲ့αΏαီး α‘αုိαါ Sanctions α်ားαα္ αα္αေαာ္ α‘α ုိးααုိαာ αိαိုα္ေα αΏαီး ျαα္αူ αူαုαုိ ααိαုိα္ေαΎαာα္း α‘αုိα္α‘αာ ေျαာαုိαဲ့αα္။ "ααား αွ်ααႈαဲα αူαα‘αြα့္ α‘ေαး α‘ေျααံ α ံႏႈα္းေαြαဲα αα္αα်α္αα္ αα္ေαာα္αႈ αွိαဲ့ αီαုိ αα ္αွα္αား Sanctions ေαြαာ α‘ာαာαွα္ α‘α ုိးαေαြ α α္းαြα္ေα‘ာα္ ျαα ္αႈ αα်ဴးαြα္ ႏုိα္ေα‘ာα္ ααိ ေαးαႈ α‘ျαα ္αဲα α‘αံုးαα္αါαα္၊ αα္αေαာ αွာေαာ့ Sanctions ေαြ αα္αွားေαးαုိα ေαာα္းαုိαႈေαြ αွိေα αါαα္" αု NLD αါαီα ေျαာαΎαားαα္။
NLD αါαီ၏ ေαΎααာα်α္α Sanctions α်ားαုိ α‘ေα်ာαုိα္ ျαဳျαα္αα္ αုိα‘α္ေαΎαာα္း α‘ααံ ျαဳαား ေαာ္αα္း ေααေα‘ာα္αα္းα ုαΎαα္αုိ αႊα္ေαးαဲ့αα့္ α‘α ုိးαα αူαα‘ား ααုα ိုα္αာေα‘ာα္ ျαဳαုα္αα့္ αေαာ αုα္αံု αααါ။ α‘αα္းαံုးααုα‘α်ိα္αြα္ α‘ေαာα္ ႏုိα္αံα်ားα‘ား αူαုိα၏ αာα αွα္αΎαာ αူαါαα်ားαုိ ျαα္αα္ α α₯္းα ား αံုးαα္αုိα ေαာα္းαုိαα္ ေααေα‘ာα္αα္း α ုαΎαα္α ျαα္αα္ေααα္ αူေαာ αα္ααွα္းα်α္αုိ α်α္ေα‘ာα္ ျαဳαုα္ျαα္း ျαα ္αံု ααα္။
αိုαα ္α်α္αွာ α‘αွα္ ααα္αုိ αုိးαြα္းαα္။ α‘ေαΎαာα္းαα္းαွာ Sanctions α်ား α‘αုα္ αျαα ္ ေαΎαာα္းαုိ α‘ေαာα္ α‘αားα်ားα ျααေαျαα္း ေαΎαာα့္αα္ ျαα ္αα္။ ေαာα ααီးျαα္း၊ αံ့α်α္းျαα္း၊ αα္α α္ αΎαα္းαΎαဳα္ျαα္း α‘αာα်ားαြα္ ေαးαြα္း αုα္α αာαα္ ααုိαα့္ αα္αေαာ္ α‘α ုိးααုိ Sanctions α်ား α αိαိုα္ေα αα္ αုိαါα αα္ေααာαွာαဲ၊ αα္αုိ αံုα ံαဲααα္း αုαာ ေαးααါေαာ့αα္။
αααα αုႏွα ္ ေαာα္αုိα္း αေααါ၊ α‘ေααိαα္ ျαα္ေαာα္α ု၊ αΎαα ေαΎαးα်ႏွα့္ α₯ေαာα αααၢ ႏုိα္αံα်ားα αံုα ံ α‘α်ဳိးα်ဳိးျαα့္ α်αွα္αားေαာ αုα္αြα္ေαးႏွα့္ ααီး αြားαာαြα့္ αိα္αα္ αားαီးαႈα်ားαုိ ျαα္αာ ႏုိα္αံ αα္αေαာ္ ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားႏွα့္ α ီးαြားေαး ေαာα္းαα္းα်ားα ေαြααα္ ေαွာα္αြα္းႏုိα္αα့္ αα္းαα္းα်ား ေαြααွိαားေαΎαာα္း Globe and Mail ααα္းα ာαွ Mark Mackinnon ၏ αα္αေαာ ααα္းေαာα္းαါး αြα္ ေαြးေႏြးαားαα္။
αံαာေαာ္α်ား α₯ီးေαာα္αα့္ αα္αα်α္ αႏα΅ျααႈαုိ αα္αေαာ္ α‘α ုိးαα ααိα္ေα် αα ္αဲ့αα္။ αααα αုႏွα ္ α‘αိααုα္း α‘αΏαီးαြα္ αα္းαΎαα္αားαဲ့αΏαီး ျαα ္ေαာ Sanctions α်ားαုိ αΏαီးαဲ့ေαာ ႏွα ္αြα္ αေααါα αα္αံ αα္α‘ူ αα္းαဲ့αα္။ αေααါα α်αွα္ေαာ Sanctions α်ားαα္ ααα»ာαြα္ α‘ျαα္းαα္αံုး αုαα္ αုိαΎααα္။ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္ α်ဳိααွα္ ααα္း ႏႈိα္αူαα္ α αα္αΎαာ ေααုိα္αဲ့ေαာ Mackinnon α "αုိႏုိα္αံαြα္ ေαα္α်α္αူေαး ျαα ္αာေαာ α‘αα္αႊာ ေαေαααီα်ားα α‘ေαာα္ Sanctions α်ားαုိ α‘ားαာα်α္ α‘ျαα ္ ေျαာα္းαဲ αα ္αုိα္αΎααα္" αု αႈျαα္αα္။ αိα္αုိααံ α‘ေαα‘αားαြα္ α α ္αα္ႏွα့္ αူးေαါα္း၍ αုα္αုိα္ ေαေαာ ေαα္ေαα αူေαးα်ား α‘ေαα Mackinnon ၏ αႈျαα္αႈα Sanctions α်ားαα္ αα ႏွα ္αΎαာαဲ့αα့္ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ α‘αုα္αျαα ္ αူေαာ ααဲαα္ αြα္ေαααာαα့္ α‘αူα‘ααုိ ေαာα္ျαα္ αα္ျαေααα္။
α‘αုိးαံုးαွာαူ α‘ာαွ၏ α‘αα္းαဲαံုး ႏုိα္αံαα ္αုαုိα ေαးေαာ α‘ေαာα္ႏုိα္αံ αူαီ ေαာα္αံ့αႈα်ားαုိ αα္ααα္αားျαα္းေαΎαာα့္ ααားα αာ α‘ေαာα္းαံုး ျαα္αာျαα္αူα်ားαုိ αိαုိα္ αα ္αာေα αဲ့ျαα္းαα္ ျαα ္αα္။ α€αံုးαα္α်α္αα္ ႏုိα္αံααာ αα္αα္ ေαာα္αံ့ေαး α‘αုိα္းα‘αုိα္းαွ ေααα္ αα္းα α ္αူα်ားα Sanctions α်ားα‘ေαα αႈျαα္αα့္ αွα္α်α္αα္ ျαα ္αα္။
ααုαဲ့αုိα Sanctions α်ားα‘ေαα ေααုα် ေααα္αႈαα္ α‘αα ္ α‘αα္းေαာ့ ααုα္αါ။ αααα αုႏွα ္α်ားαြα္ ေαာα္α‘ာααိαႏုိα္αံα‘ေαα Sanctions α်ား α်αွα္αဲ့α α₯္ ααα္း α‘αားαူ ေααα္αႈα်ား αွိαဲ့αΏαီး ျαα ္αα္။ αုိα α₯္α ααုိα္း၏ "αွားαဲ့ αα္αွာ" αα္αဲ့ေαာ αားααα္ αα္α်ာ၏ α‘αုိα္α‘αံ αα္ααြα္αႈ αΎαားαွαα္ αူα်ဳိးေαး αဲြျαားαႈαုိ αα္αွားαာ၌ αံုးျαα္αႈ αွα္αα္αဲ့αα္။
ααု ျαႆαာαွာ ျαα္αာ ႏုိα္αံαα္ ေαာα္α‘ာααိα ααုα္ျαα္းαα္ ျαα ္αα္။ ျαα္αာ၏ α‘ိα္αီးα်α္း αုိα္း၊ α‘ိႏα΅ိαႏွα့္ ααုα္αုိααα္ Sanctions α်ားαုိ αα ္α်ဴαႈ αားαΎααα္။ αူαုိαα αα ္αာα်ား၊ ααာα αာα္ေαြαα်ား၊ ααၱဳα်ား၊ ေα်ာα္α်α္ αααာα်ားαုိ α‘ေααα ီးαွ αα္αြα့္ α၍ ေα်ာ္ေααΎαααုိ αွိααွ် αုα္ေαာα္းαာ ေα်ာ္ေααα့္ αα္αေαာ္ α‘α ုိးαααα္း ေααα္း αုိα္αα္း ႂαြα္ααာαာ ααားααα္ α α ္α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαးαုိ αα္αုိး αွα္ေα αဲ့αα္။
α‘αα္αြα္ αုိαဲ့αα့္ α‘ေαΎαာα္း α‘αာα်ားαြα္ ျαα္αာα‘α ုိးα ေαါα္းα်ားαα္ ααုαာ αα္းαဲ့ေαာ αူαုိα္α်ား ααုα္αု ေαွαေα αုိα္ေαာ α‘α်α္ αα ္αုαွ ααါαα္αါ။ α‘αွα္α α္α α ္ αူαုိααα္ αααα αုႏွα ္α αီαုိαေαα ီ ေαာα္αံ αႏα΅ျααူα်ားαုိ αα္ျαα္αα္ ေαးαုံα်ားαဲαုိα α α ္αားα်ား ေα αႊα္αဲ့αူ α်ားαာ ျαα ္αα္။ αααα αြα္ αိα္α‘α္αα္ αα္ျαα္αွ αႏα΅ျααူα်ားαုိ ααိα္ေα်αα္ αα္းαα္းα်ားαုိ ααုα္ ေαါα္းေαာα္α်ားα‘ား ေαွαေαာα္ αα္းျα αုα္αဲ့αူα်ား ျαα ္αα္။
ααု ေαာα္းαါးαြα္ ျαα္αာ ႏုိα္αံ၏ ေαာα္αံုး ေαြးေαာα္αဲြα်ားαα္ α‘αု ααုα္၊ ျαα္αာ α‘α ုိးααα္ ααα»ာαြα္ α‘ααိ αုိα္α ားαႈ α‘α်ားαံုး α‘α ုိးαα်ားαဲαြα္ ααါαု αα္ျαျαα္း ααွိαါ။ αူαုိααα္ α‘αွα္ααα္ αွα့္ျαား αဲ့ααုိ α‘αွα္ααα္ α‘ααိ αုိα္α ားαူ α်ားαာ ျαα ္αα္။
αုိαေαာ္αα္း αα့္α‘ေαျαα့္ αေα‘ာα္ျαα္ေαာ αူαါααုိ αုα္αုိα္αာ αာαα္αုα္ αα္αα္း၊ α‘α်ား αα္αံαားေαာ αα္ေαြα α‘αွိααားαွ αα္αုိα αုα္ႏႈα္ αα္ျαα္ ေျαာα္းαဲ αα္αα္းαု ေαးαြα္း αုα္αα္αာ αွိαα္။
ျαα ္αα့္αα္αွာ α‘ျαား αα္းαα္းα်ားαုိ αွာေαြ ေα့αာαα္αα္ ျαα ္αα္။ αာα ုႏွα ္ αα ္α ိα္ (αα ႏွα ္) αα္α αα္αα္ α‘ေαးαူ αα ္αα္ α‘αΏαီးαြα္ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαα္ α‘ေαာα္ ႏုိα္αံα်ား၏ αိα္းα်ဳα္αႈαွ αြα္αြα္ ေα်ာ္αြα္ αြားαဲ့αါαΏαီ။ αα ္ααα္ αီαုိαေαα ီαုိ α‘ေαး ααားေαာ ααုα္ α‘α ုိးααံαွ α‘αိα္α‘ααြα္ α αားα်ားαုိ ααု α‘α်ိα္αြα္ ျαα္αာ α‘α ုိးαα α‘α်ားαံုး αာαံေααါαΏαီ။ α‘α α ္α‘αွα္ αီαုိαေαα ီ ႏုိα္αံ α‘ိႏα΅ိαααα္း ျαα္αာ ႏုိα္αံαြα္ αα ္ααα္ αီαုိαေαα ီ αြα္းαားေαးαα္ αူ၏ ေαααြα္း ααာ α်ဴαာေျαာα္၊ α ီးαြားေαး αုိα္αာ α‘α်ဳိးα ီးαြားα်ား α‘ေαα αြα္αာ α ုိးαိα္αူαα္ α‘ာαုံ α်ားα်α္ αွိαα္။
α‘α်ဳိα α‘αဲαα္ ေα့αာαူα်ားα ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαြα္ α‘αူးαျαα့္ αα္αေαာ္αဲαြα္ α်ဳိးαα္ αေျαာα္းαဲαႈ ျαα ္ေααေααα္αု αႈျαα္αာ ျαα္αာ αူαα္αုိα္းα်ားႏွα့္ αႇိႏႈိα္း αုα္ေαာα္αα့္αα္αု ေα ာαααα္ α‘ျαα္းαြားေααα္။ αုိαα‘ျαα္ α‘αα္αα္ α‘ုα္α်ဳα္ေαး α αα ္αုိα αα္ျα α‘αြα္ ေျαာα္းαားေαာ ျαα္αာ ႏုိα္αံαα္ αα ္α်ိα္α α‘ာαာαွα္ α αα ္ေα‘ာα္αွ ααြα္ေျαာα္ႏုိα္αု αα္αဲ့αΎααα့္ α‘α္αုိαီးαွားαဲ့αိုα ႏုိα္αံα်ားαα္ αီαုိαေαα ီ α‘αြα္ေျαာα္း α‘αားα‘αီးα်ား αုိαုိ ေα်ာ့αါးαြα္ αွိေααα္αု ၎αုိαα αα္ျα αားαα္။
ေαာα္α‘ာααိα αိα α₯αြα္ Sanctions α်ား α‘αုα္ ျαα ္αဲ့α α₯္α α‘ီαα္αွ αα္αα္ αူα ိα္αုိ αိα္းα်ဳα္ αာαြα္αူ αေα‘ာα္ျαα္αဲ့αါ။ αုိ၍ αα္αွားေαာ α‘α်α္αွာ Sanctions α်ားαα္ α်ဴးαားαြα္ ႏွα ္ α α αΎαာαဲ့αα့္ αုိα္ေα‘ာα္ αီαα္αα္α ααုိႏွα့္ αူ၏ αα္αံαူα်ားαုိ ααα္αွား ႏုိα္ျαα္းαα္ ျαα ္αα္။
ααု α‘α်ိα္αα္ ျαα္αာႏုိα္αံαွ αာαာαွα္ αα္α α္ αΎαα္းαΎαဳα္αႈ ေαာαါαုိ ေျααွα္းαα္ αα္းαα္းαα ္α်ား αွာေαြααα့္ α‘α်ိα္αα္ ျαα ္αα္။ αုိα္α်ဳα္ααီးα်ား၏ αα္αေαာ ေα‘ာα္αဲြαံ ျαဴးαူးαႈαုိ ျαα္ααြα္ αွိαာ αα္αေαာαြα္ αာαာαံαα္ ျαα ္ααါαိα့္αα္။ α€αွ် ααေαးαါ။ αုα္αြα္ေαး၊ αα၊ ααီးαြား αုα္αα္း αα၊ ႏုိα္αံေαး ေαြααံု αိႇႏႈိα္းαႈ ααα်ားαα္း αွိαာαါ αိα့္α₯ီးαα္။ ααုα‘α်ိα္αြα္ ၎αုိα αα္ေαာα္αာαα့္ α‘ေျαာα္းα‘αဲ α်ဳိးေα ့α်ားα αာαွ်α္ α‘ာαာ ααႅα္αြα္ αံαႈိα ဲြ αားαုိαူα်ားα‘ား αα္αွားαα ္αα့္ αα ္αုαα္းေαာ αα္းαα္း ျαα ္ေαΎαာα္း αံုးαα္ αα္ျα αုိα္ααါαα္။
--Yangon Chronicle αα္ ျαα္αာႏိုα္αံ α‘αြα္းαွိ αα္αူα်ား ေαါα္αα ုံ ααα္းαေα‘ာα္ ေαာ္ျαျαα္းαာ ျαα ္ျαီး αာαာျαα္ αိုေαာ္ျαα်α္ α‘ားαုံးαα္ αူαα္းαီαီαာ α်ား၏ α‘ာေαာ္αာ ျαα ္၍ Yangon Chronicle ၏ αေαာαား ααုα္αါေαΎαာα္း။
The information from this group yangonchronicle2010 were allowed to be reposted on the website named http://transparencymyanmar2010.blogspot.com/ upon their request.